The energy sector is a key area for achieving sustainable development. One particularly promising trend has been described as the emergence of the energy internet, or a shift towards distributed energy systems. Similar to the rise of the ‘original’ internet, a question of particular concern to business scholars is what kinds of business models will become successful. This chapter starts out with a thorough review of business model literature to understand the relevance of this discourse for research on sustainable energy production and consumption. It then continues to highlight three key challenges in commercialising sustainable energy technologies, and discusses how appropriate business models can address those challenges and lead to accelerated market diffusion of sustainable energy technologies.